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MLA (Modern Language Association) and APA (American Psychological Association) are two commonly used formatting styles in academic writing.

MLA is typically used in the humanities, such as literature and languages, while APA is used in the social sciences, such as psychology and sociology.

MLA style includes guidelines for in-text citations, as well as guidelines for formatting the works cited page. In-text citations in MLA typically include the author's last name and the page number(s) of the source. The works cited page should be alphabetized by the author's last name and include the publication date, title of the work, and publication information.

APA style, on the other hand, includes guidelines for in-text citations, as well as guidelines for formatting the reference list. In-text citations in APA typically include the author's last name, publication date, and page number(s) of the source. The reference list should be alphabetized by the author's last name and include the publication date, title of the work, publication information and other relevant information.

It is important to note that the MLA and APA formatting styles have many differences, and that in general, MLA tends to be simpler than APA style. 

 As part of its agenda to create terror, communal hatred and unrest in society and to further its agenda of establishing Islamic rule in India by 2047, the banned outfit Popular Front of India (PFI) formed secret teams called ‘Service Teams’ or ‘Killer Squads’ to carry out killings of its ‘perceived enemies’ and targets.

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) made these revelations in a charge sheet filed on Friday before a special court in Bengaluru pertaining to the killing of BJP’s Yuva Morcha district committee member Praveen Nettaru on July 26 last year in Bellare village of Sullia Taluk in Karnataka’s Dakshina Kannada district. Nettaru was killed in full public view with lethal weapons to create terror among the people at large and especially among members of a particular community. The charge sheet, which was filed against 20 PFI members, further mentions that “these ‘Service Team’ members were given arms as well attack training and surveillance techniques training in order to identify, list out and to mount surveillance on individuals and leaders belonging to certain communities and groups”.

“These ‘Service Team’ members were further trained to assault and kill identified targets on the instructions of senior PFI leaders,” said the NIA in the charge sheet.

In furtherance of conspiracy meetings by PFI members and leaders held at Bengaluru city, Sullia Town and Bellare village, said the charge sheet, adding “the head of district Service Team Mustafa Paichar was instructed to recce, identify and target a prominent member of a particular community”.

“As per instructions, four persons were recced and identified and among them, Praveen Nettaru, who was a BJP Yuva Morcha member, was assaulted and killed on July 26 last year in full public view with lethal weapons to create terror among the people at large and especially among members of a particular community,” mentions the charge-sheet.

Of the 20 chargesheeted PFI members, six are absconding and rewards have been declared for information leading to their arrest in the case.

The accused persons have been charge-sheeted under various sections of 120B, 153A, 302 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code and sections 16, 18 and 20 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, and Section 25(1)(a) of Arms Act.

Mahammed Shiyab, Abdul Basheer, Riyaz, Mustafa Paichar, Masud KA, Kodaje Mohammed Sherif, Abubakkar Siddik, Noufal M, Ismail Shafi K, K Mahammad Iqbal, Shaheed M, Mahammad Shafeek G, Ummar Farook M R, Abdul Kabeer CA, Muhammad Ibrahim Sha, Sainul Abid Y, Shekh Saddam Hussain, Zakiar A, N Abdul Haris, Thufail MH have been chargesheeted in the case.

Among the chargesheeted accused, Mustafa Paichar, Masud KA, Kodaje Mohammed Sherif, Abubakkar Siddik, Ummar Farook MR and Thufail MH are currently absconding, and rewards have been declared for information leading to their arrest.

The case was initially registered on July 27 by at Bellare Police Station of Dakshina Kannada district and re-registered by the NIA on August 4 last year.

The Home Ministry in September banned the PFI, its associates, and affiliates for a period of five years under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 by declaring it as an unlawful association.

Besides involvement in Nettaru’s murder, the PFI cadres are also accused of involvement in several terrorist acts and the murder of several persons, including Sanjith (Kerala, November 2021), V Ramalingam (Tamil Nadu, 2019), Nandu (Kerala, 2021), Abhimanyu (Kerala, 2018), Bibin (Kerala, 2017), Sharath (Kamataka, 2017), R Rudresh (Kamataka, 2016), Praveen Puyari (Karnataka, 2016), and Sasi Kumar (Tamil Nadu, 2016).

Holi 2022: Here’s how you can celebrate the festival if you are not playing Dhulendi

If you don't plan on playing Holi this year but still want to celebrate the occasion, these suggestions may come in handy.

Holi, one of India's most colourful celebrations, has finally arrived after months of anticipation. Holi will be celebrated on March 18 this year. Holi, also known as the festival of colours, is one of Hinduism's most important festivals, however, it is also observed by people of other religions.

Holi is a two-day festival that commemorates the triumph of good over evil. The evening before Holi is known as Holika Dahan or Chhoti Holi, and it is during this time that people light a bonfire to symbolise the demon Holika's burning.

If you don't plan on playing Holi this year but still want to celebrate the occasion, these suggestions may come in handy.

Cook

Spend the day exploring and cooking with your family these delicious Holi dishes. If you have little children at home, select meals that they can assist you in preparing, such as barfis (a traditional Indian treat) and thandai (milk-based Indian beverage).

Celebrate virtual Holi

If you can't spend Holi with your loved ones, let technology take care of it. Throw a virtual party with your friends and dance, sing, or chat.

Plan a movie marathon

Choose some great Holi-themed movies, or even those that aren't, and watch them while relaxing with a popcorn bowl in your hand.

Dance the day away

Make a playlist of your favourite music that you've heard at Holi festivities in the past few years and recreate the atmosphere at home. Begin creating a playlist as soon as possible, and make sure to include songs that the entire family will love.

As per Hindu mythology, demon king Hiranyakashyap was given a reward which gave him the power to not be killed by either a man or any animal, hence, he wanted to be worshiped by people. His son Prahlad, however, was a devotee of Lord Vishnu. 

Being angry at the fact that his son didn’t worship him, king Hiranyakashyap asked his sister, demon Holika to sit in a pyre while holding his son. While sitting one fire, Holika died, but Prahlad was saved by Lord Vishnu, who later took the avatar of Narasimha- a half human and half lion and killed the demon king. 

 Synopsis

Speaking at the ceremony where the Navy's 22nd Missile Vessel Squadron was presented the President's Standard honour for its service, Kovind said the naval squadron has been deployed for a multitude of operations.

He said the Navy has been successfully safeguarding the country's extensive maritime interests with resolve and tenacity.

The Indian Navy is looked upon as a preferred security partner by the country's maritime neighbours and it has a huge role to play in furthering India's foreign policy in protecting the national interests, President Ram Nath Kovind said on Wednesday. Speaking at the ceremony where the Navy's 22nd Missile Vessel Squadron was presented the President's Standard honour for its service, Kovind said the naval squadron has been deployed for a multitude of operations.

"They are not only securing the country's maritime borders through mission-based deployments but also undertake diplomatic missions in the Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf and anti-piracy operations.

"Our nation is a maritime nation and our navy has a huge role to play in the furtherance of our foreign policy and in protecting our national interests and commercial aspirations," the President said.

He said the Navy has been successfully safeguarding the country's extensive maritime interests with resolve and tenacity.

The emerging geopolitical challenges in the Indo-Pacific region present India with an opportunity to play a pivotal role, the President said.

He said a large share of global maritime trade transits through the Indian Ocean Region. Therefore, maintaining peace and tranquillity in this region is of paramount importance, not only for the country but also for the entire global community.

"Today, as one of the largest navies in the world, the Indian Navy is looked upon by our maritime neighbours as a preferred security partner in the Indian Ocean region," he added.

He said the Indian Navy has invested significant effort in meeting all regional commitments and furthering our engagements with partners in the Indo-Pacific.

The President also lauded the Navy's efforts to render assistance to the people during humanitarian crises or natural disasters, within the country and beyond.

The Navy played a critical role in the repatriation of Indian citizens during COVID-19 and rescue operations during cyclone Tauktae, he observed.

 Synopsis

​​Growing strategic competition between China, which is New Zealand's biggest trading partner, the United States and other powers will also boost potential for confrontation and conflict in the region, a defence assessment report for 2021 said.

Agencies

New Zealand has publicly expressed its concern over developments such as the building and militarisation of features in the South China Sea, the report added.

New Zealand's defence forces warned on Wednesday of the security threat from an increasingly powerful China as it assertively pursues its interests in the Indo-Pacific region.

Growing strategic competition between China, which is New Zealand's biggest trading partner, the United States and other powers will also boost potential for confrontation and conflict in the region, a defence assessment report for 2021 said.

"New Zealand faces a world in which strategic competition is increasingly the background for states’ relationships," the report said, adding that China’s rise was the major driver of such competition.

Even in the absence of open conflict, strategic competition would play out across arenas from space to cyber space in ways that will threaten New Zealand’s security, said the report, which is made every five years.

"This is true of both the wider Indo-Pacific and New Zealand’s immediate region."

New Zealand has publicly expressed its concern over developments such as the building and militarisation of features in the South China Sea, the report added.

One of the biggest possible threats New Zealand could face would be the setting-up of a military base or dual-use facility in the Pacific by a state that did not share its values and security interests, the report said.

"Washington’s delivery on this commitment, over both short and longer terms, will be important in determining the future for this region, including New Zealand's own neighbourhood," the report added.

 Synopsis

India on Wednesday successfully test-fired the air version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile from the integrated test range of Chandipur, off the coast of Odisha, sources in the DRDO said. Describing the mission as a "major milestone" in the development of BrahMos, the sources said that the air version of the missile was test-fired from supersonic fighter aircraft Sukhoi 30 MK-I at 10.30 am.

India on Wednesday successfully test-fired the air version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile from the integrated test range of Chandipur, off the coast of Odisha, sources in the DRDO said. Describing the mission as a "major milestone" in the development of BrahMos, the sources said that the air version of the missile was test-fired from supersonic fighter aircraft Sukhoi 30 MK-I at 10.30 am.

The "copy book flight" followed the pre-planned trajectory and met all objectives, the sources in Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) said.

The launch has cleared the way for serial production of air-version BrahMos missiles, they said.

Congratulating the teams involved in the flight test, Dr G Satheesh Reddy, the secretary in the department of Defence Research and Development and chairman of DRDO, said various laboratories at the premier agency, academic institutions, public sector undertakings and Indian Air Force (IAF) participated in the testing, production and induction of this complex missile system.

The DRDO had on Tuesday flight-tested the Vertical Launch Short Range Surface to Air Missile, which will boost the capability of Indian Navy.

 Synopsis

At least 96 civilians have been killed in Kashmir post the abrogation of Article 370 while 366 terrorists have been neutralised by security forces, the government informed Rajya Sabha

At least 96 civilians have been killed in Kashmir post the abrogation of Article 370 while 366 terrorists have been neutralised by security forces, the government informed Rajya Sabha on Wednesday. In a written reply, Minister of State for Home Nityanand Rai also said that "no Kashmiri Pandit/Hindu has been displaced from the valley" post the repeal of Article 370 on August 5, 2019.

"However, recently some Kashmiri Pandit families, mostly women and children, living in Kashmir have moved to Jammu region.

"These families are of govt. employees, many of whom, move to Jammu in winter as part of movement of officials and the winter vacation in educational institutions," the minister stated.

Replying to another question, Rai said a total of 96 civilians, 81 security forces personnel and 366 personnel were killed in Kashmir since the repeal of Article 370 till this November.