Monday, May 2, 2016

May 02, 2016

Modi Ji's two birth dates controversy

डिग्री के बाद मोदी की दो जन्म तिथियों पर विवाद, कांग्रेस ने मांगा स्पष्टिकरण

प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी की शैक्षणिक योग्यता को लेकर चल रहे विवादों के बीच कांग्रेस ने उनकी जन्म तिथि में विसंगति होने का आरोप लगाय है। पार्टी ने गुजरात विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा मोदी की स्नात्कोत्तर डिग्री की जानकारी साझा करने के समय पर भी सवाल उठाया। विश्वविद्यालय ने पहले जानकारी साझा करने से इनकार कर दिया था।
कांग्रेस के वरिष्ठ नेता शक्तिसिंह गोहिल ने कहा, एमएन कॉलेज के छात्र पंजीयक, जिसमें मोदी ने प्री-साइंस (12वीं) में दाखिला लिया था, में सर नरेन्द्र मोदी की जन्म तिथि 29 अगस्त, 1949 है। उनके चुनावी हलफनामे में उन्होंने अपनी जन्म तिथि नहीं बताई है बल्कि अपनी उम्र लिखी है। सार्वजनिक रूप से उपलब्ध उनकी औपचारिक जन्म तिथि 17 सितंबर, 1950 है।
उन्होंने स्कूल रजिस्टर की प्रति दिखाई, जिसमें प्रधानमंत्री का नाम नरेन्द्र कुमार दामोदरदास मोदी और उनकी जन्म तिथि लिखी है। गोहिल ने कहा, हम जानना चाहते हैं कि अलग-अलग जन्म तिथि के पीछे कारण क्या है। उनके पासपोर्ट या पैन कार्ड और अन्य दस्तावेजों में उनकी जन्म तिथि क्या है और अलग-अलग जन्म तिथि के पीछे कारण क्या है।
उल्लेखनीय है कि इससे पहले नरेंद्र मोदी की शिक्षा को लेकर विवाद था लेकिन अब खुलासा हुआ है कि मोदी ने एमए तक पढ़ाई की है और वह भी फर्स्ट क्लास से। गुजरात यूनिवर्सिटी ने नरेंद्र मोदी के एमए की डिग्री की सारी जानकारी सार्वजनिक कर दी है. यूनिवर्सिटी के रिकार्ड के मुताबिक मोदी फर्स्ट डिविजन से एमए पास हैं।
गुजरात यूनिवर्सिटी की तरफ से सार्वजनिक की गई जानकारी के मुताबिक नरेंद्र मोदी ने राजनीति शास्त्र से 62.3% अंकों के साथ प्रथम श्रेणी में एमए किया है। मोदी ने एमए फर्स्ट ईयर में 400 में से 237 और सेकंड ईयर में 400 में से 262 मार्क्स हासिल किए थे. एमए में टोटल स्कोर 800 अंको में से 499 अंक था।
गौरतलब है कि दिल्ली के मुख्यमंत्री अरविंद केजरीवाल ने प्रधानमंत्री मोदी की डिग्री को लेकर सवाल उठाए थे। केजरीवाल की मांग पर सेंट्रल इन्फॉर्मेशन कमिशन ने दिल्ली और गुजरात यूनिवर्सिटी को ऑर्डर दिया था कि वे मोदी के शिक्षा संबंधित रिकॉर्ड साझा करें। गुजरात यूनिवर्सिटी के मुताबिक मोदी ने 1983 में एमए की पढ़ाई पूरी की। एमए में पॉलिटिकल साइंस, इंडियन पॉलिटिकल एनालिसिस और साइकॉलजी ऑफ पॉलिटिक्स जैसे विषय शामिल थे।
हालांकि, प्रधानमंत्री मोदी की ग्रेजुएशन की डिग्री के बारे में अभी कोई जानकारी सामने नहीं आई है। गुजरात यूनिवर्सिटी और दिल्ली यूनिवर्सिटी ने पहले RTI के तहत मोदी की डिग्री को लेकर जानकारी देने से मना कर दिया था। यूनिवर्सिटी़ का तर्क था कि किसी भी छात्र की पर्सनल डिटेल साझा नहीं की जा सकती है। इसके अलावा यह भी कहा गया था कि 20 साल पुराने रिकॉर्ड्स RTI के तहत साझा नहीं किए जा सकते। भारत सरकार की वेबसाइट की जानकारी के मुताबिक मोदी ने 1978 में डीयू से बीए की पढ़ाई पूरी की थी।

The degree of his two birth dates controversy, Congress sought clarifications

Modi's qualification to the ongoing disputes between the Congress alleged discrepancy in his date of birth is conventional. Modi's Gujarat University Master's degree by the party to share information when questioned. The university had earlier refused to share information.

Senior Congress leader Shaktisinh Gohil said, MN college student registrar, in which Modi pre-science (12th) attended, Sir Narendra Modi's birth date August 29, 1949 is. In her affidavit, she did not give her birth date, but its age is written. His official birth date publicly available September 17, 1950 is.

He showed a copy of the school register, the name of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his date of birth written Damodardas Kumar. Gohil said, we want to know what is the reason behind the different birth dates. PAN card and their passport or other documents, their birth date and what is the reason behind the different birth dates.

Narendra Modi's Gujarat University MA degree information is made public. Modi first division of the University of Arts from the near record.

According to information from the University of Gujarat, Narendra Modi of public politics with points from 62.3% in the first class MA. Modi MA first year and second year 400 237 400 262 of the brands were revealed. Ma, the total score was 800 points out of 499 points.

The Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal raised questions about the degree of Modi. Kejriwal's demand in Delhi and Gujarat University Central Information Commission had ordered that his share of the education related records. Modi said Gujarat University MA in 1983 completed. MA in Political Science, and Psychology of Politics Indian Political Analysis included such topics.

However, the Prime Minister regarding the graduation degree was not yet known. Gujarat University and Delhi University under the RTI before he had refused to give information about the degree. Uniwarsitih argued that any student's personal details can not be shared. Further, it was stated that the 20-year-old records can not be shared under RTI. According to the website of the Prime Minister of India in 1978 was completed BA from Delhi University.

digree ke baad modee kee do janm tithiyon par vivaad, kaangres ne maanga spashtikaran

pradhaanamantree narendr modee kee shaikshanik yogyata ko lekar chal rahe vivaadon ke beech kaangres ne unakee janm tithi mein visangati hone ka aarop lagaay hai. paartee ne gujaraat vishvavidyaalay dvaara modee kee snaatkottar digree kee jaanakaaree saajha karane ke samay par bhee savaal uthaaya. vishvavidyaalay ne pahale jaanakaaree saajha karane se inakaar kar diya tha.

kaangres ke varishth neta shaktisinh gohil ne kaha, emen kolej ke chhaatr panjeeyak, jisamen modee ne pree-sains (12veen) mein daakhila liya tha, mein sar narendr modee kee janm tithi 29 agast, 1949 hai. unake chunaavee halaphanaame mein unhonne apanee janm tithi nahin bataee hai balki apanee umr likhee hai. saarvajanik roop se upalabdh unakee aupachaarik janm tithi 17 sitambar, 1950 hai.

unhonne skool rajistar kee prati dikhaee, jisamen pradhaanamantree ka naam narendr kumaar daamodaradaas modee aur unakee janm tithi likhee hai. gohil ne kaha, ham jaanana chaahate hain ki alag-alag janm tithi ke peechhe kaaran kya hai. unake paasaport ya pain kaard aur any dastaavejon mein unakee janm tithi kya hai aur alag-alag janm tithi ke peechhe kaaran kya hai.

ullekhaneey hai ki isase pahale narendr modee kee shiksha ko lekar vivaad tha lekin ab khulaasa hua hai ki modee ne eme tak padhaee kee hai aur vah bhee pharst klaas se. gujaraat yoonivarsitee ne narendr modee ke eme kee digree kee saaree jaanakaaree saarvajanik kar dee hai. yoonivarsitee ke rikaard ke mutaabik modee pharst divijan se eme paas hain.

gujaraat yoonivarsitee kee taraph se saarvajanik kee gaee jaanakaaree ke mutaabik narendr modee ne raajaneeti shaastr se 62.3% ankon ke saath pratham shrenee mein eme kiya hai. modee ne eme pharst eeyar mein 400 mein se 237 aur sekand eeyar mein 400 mein se 262 maarks haasil kie the. eme mein total skor 800 anko mein se 499 ank tha.

gauratalab hai ki dillee ke mukhyamantree aravind kejareevaal ne pradhaanamantree modee kee digree ko lekar savaal uthae the. kejareevaal kee maang par sentral inphormeshan kamishan ne dillee aur gujaraat yoonivarsitee ko ordar diya tha ki ve modee ke shiksha sambandhit rikord saajha karen. gujaraat yoonivarsitee ke mutaabik modee ne 1983 mein eme kee padhaee pooree kee. eme mein politikal sains, indiyan politikal enaalisis aur saikolajee oph politiks jaise vishay shaamil the.

haalaanki, pradhaanamantree modee kee grejueshan kee digree ke baare mein abhee koee jaanakaaree saamane nahin aaee hai. gujaraat yoonivarsitee aur dillee yoonivarsitee ne pahale rti ke tahat modee kee digree ko lekar jaanakaaree dene se mana kar diya tha. yoonivarsitee ka tark tha ki kisee bhee chhaatr kee parsanal ditel saajha nahin kee ja sakatee hai. isake alaava yah bhee kaha gaya tha ki 20 saal puraane rikords rti ke tahat saajha nahin kie ja sakate. bhaarat sarakaar kee vebasait kee jaanakaaree ke mutaabik modee ne 1978 mein deeyoo se beee kee padhaee pooree kee thee.
May 02, 2016

10 signs of heart attack हार्ट अटैक आने के ये है 10 संकेत, इन्हें न करें इग्नोर

हार्ट अटैक आने के ये है 10 संकेत, इन्हें न करें इग्नोर

हार्ट अटैक आने के यह है 10 संकेत,heart attack symptoms,family tips,health tips,Health News, sanjeevnitoday hindi news, latest news, hindi news

(1) बैचेनी होना –
बिना किसी कारण अक्सर बैचेनी बनी रहती है, सिर घूमता सा लगता है, तो आपको हार्ट प्रॉब्लम हो सकती है।

 (2) पसीना आना –
बहुत ज्यादा गर्मी लगना, बार – बार ठंडा पसीना आना भी हार्ट अटैक का सिम्पटम है।
(3) बीमार नज़र आना –
अचानक कॉम्पलेक्शन चेंज होना या चेहरा पिला पड़ना भी हार्ट प्रॉब्लम की निशानी है।
(4) बगैर कारन दर्द –
कई बार हार्ट पेशेंट्स को बिना किसी कारण गर्दन और जबड़ो में भी दर्द होता रहता है।
(5) प्रेशर –
लगातार चेस्ट में या पीठ के ऊपरी हिस्से में दबाव महसूस करे, तो डॉक्टर को जरूर दिखाई।

(6) सिकनेस –
अगर आप स्टमक पेन, ब्लोटिंग, इंनडाईजेशन या वोमेटिंग सेंसेशन के साथ कमजोरी महसूस करते है, तो हो सकता है की आपको कोई हार्ट प्रॉब्लम हो। ऐसे में तुरंत चेकउप करवाये।


(7) चेस्ट पेन –
लेफ्ट साइड पसलिया के आसपास दर्द बना रहे। लगे की चेस्ट पर भार रखा है, तो इसे इग्नोर न करे।

(8) थकान –
मामूली काम करने में थक जाते है। हमेशा कमजोरी फिल करते है, तो यह हार्ट डिजीज का संकेत हो सकता है।

(9) दिल की धड़कन –
बैचेनी और थकान के साथ ही हार्ट बिट्स फ़ास्ट और इनरेगुलर हो रही है तो, इसे इग्नोर न करे।

(10) सर घूमना –
अचानक सांस लेने में तकलीफ हो या सिर घूमने लगे तो ये सिम्पटम भी हार्ट अटैक की निशानी हो सकती है।


The 10 signs of heart attack coming, do not ignore them

10 signs it's coming heart attack, heart attack symptoms, family tips, health tips, Health News, sanjeevnitoday hindi news, latest news, hindi news



(1) be restless -

There is often no reason, restlessness, head swirling sounds, you may have a heart problem.


 (2) sweats -

Too much heat loss, Once again - Symptoms of heart attack is too cold sweats.

(3) sick peep -

Complekshn to change or face the heart and cause a sudden fall is a sign of a problem.

(4) without cause pain -

Heart patients often cause no pain in the neck and remains Jbro.

(5) Pressure -

Constantly feel pressure in the chest or upper back, then bound the doctor.


(6) Sickness -

If you STOMACH pen, bloating, weakness with sensation Vometing Inndaijeshn or feel, then maybe you have a heart problem. The Chekup conducted immediately.



(7) Chest Pain -

Left side pain around the ribs are made. Began to put weight on the chest, do not ignore it.


(8) Fatigue -

Minor work is exhausting. Phil is always a weakness, it could be a sign of heart disease.


(9) heartbeat -

Restlessness and fatigue, as well as heart and Inaregulr bits is getting so fast, do not ignore it.


(10) Sir walking -

Sudden shortness of breath or head moves these Symptoms also may be a sign of heart attack.

haart ataik aane ke ye hai 10 sanket, inhen na karen ignor

haart ataik aane ke yah hai 10 sanket,haiart attachk symptoms,family tips,haialth tips,haialth naiws, sanjaiaivnitoday hindi naiws, lataist naiws, hindi naiws



(1) baichenee hona –

bina kisee kaaran aksar baichenee banee rahatee hai, sir ghoomata sa lagata hai, to aapako haart problam ho sakatee hai.


(2) paseena aana –

bahut jyaada garmee lagana, baar – baar thanda paseena aana bhee haart ataik ka simpatam hai.

(3) beemaar nazar aana –

achaanak kompalekshan chenj hona ya chehara pila padana bhee haart problam kee nishaanee hai.

(4) bagair kaaran dard –

kaee baar haart peshents ko bina kisee kaaran gardan aur jabado mein bhee dard hota rahata hai.

(5) preshar –

lagaataar chest mein ya peeth ke ooparee hisse mein dabaav mahasoos kare, to doktar ko jaroor dikhaee.


(6) sikanes –

agar aap stamak pen, bloting, innadaeejeshan ya vometing senseshan ke saath kamajoree mahasoos karate hai, to ho sakata hai kee aapako koee haart problam ho. aise mein turant chekup karavaaye.



(7) chest pen –

lepht said pasaliya ke aasapaas dard bana rahe. lage kee chest par bhaar rakha hai, to ise ignor na kare.


(8) thakaan –

maamoolee kaam karane mein thak jaate hai. hamesha kamajoree phil karate hai, to yah haart dijeej ka sanket ho sakata hai.


(9) dil kee dhadakan –

baichenee aur thakaan ke saath hee haart bits faast aur inaregular ho rahee hai to, ise ignor na kare.


(10) sar ghoomana –

achaanak saans lene mein takaleeph ho ya sir ghoomane lage to ye simpatam bhee haart ataik kee nishaanee ho sakatee hai.
May 02, 2016

Learn How many medicinal properties are in alum? जानिये कितने औषधीय गुणों की खदान हैं फिटकरी?

जानिये कितने औषधीय गुणों की खदान हैं फिटकरी?





कई सालो से हमारे घरों में फिटकरी का प्रयोग होता आ रहा है। माना जाता है फिटकरी कई सारे औषधीय गुणों की खदान हैं। यह एंटीबैक्‍टीरियल होती है, जिसे हर घर में प्रयोग किया जाता है। फिटकरी 2 प्रकार की होती है लाल व सफेद। अमूमन घरों में हमेशा सफेद फिटकरी का प्रयोग किया जाता है। तो आज आपको अपने आर्टिकल के जरिये बताएंगें फिटकरी के खास गुण।

1. फिटकरी को चोट या घाव लगने पर प्रयोग करें। फिटकरी का पानी लगाने से घाव से खून बहना बंद हो जाएगा। आपके इसका चूर्ण बना कर भी प्रयोग कर सकते हैं।

2.फिटकरी को नहाने के पानी में घोल कर प्रयोग करने से खुजली और शरीर से बदबू आना बंद होती है।

3.चेहरे से झुर्रियों को मिटाने के लिये चेहरे को धो लें। फिर फिटकरी को ठंडे पानी से गीला कर के चेहरे के आस पास हल्‍के रगडें। अब इसे सूख जाने दें और फिर इसे हाथों से छुड़ा कर साफ कर लें। कुछ महीनों के प्रयोग के बाद आपका चेहरा चमकदार और यंग बन जाएगा।

4.दमा और खांसी है तो, आधा ग्राम फिटकरी को पीस कर शहद के साथ मिक्‍स कर के चाट लें, आपको तुरंत लाभ होगा।

5.यूरीन इंफेक्शन हो जाने पर भी फिटकरी का इस्तेमाल करना बहुत फायदेमंद होता है। प्रतिदिन फिटकरी के पानी से प्राइवेट पार्ट की सफाई करने से इंफेक्शन का खतरा दूर हो जाता है। इसके अलावा पानी में घुलनशील अशुद्धि को दूर करने के लिए भी फिटकरी का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है।

Learn How many medicinal properties are in alum?


Many of the year is coming to our homes use alum. Many medicinal properties are mine alum considered. It is antibacterial, which is used in every home. Alum has 2 kinds of red and white. The alum is used in houses usually always white. So today you through your article Btaangen special properties of alum.

1. Use at Alum hurt or injury. Applying alum water will stop bleeding from the wound. You also can use it to make powder.

2. Alum dissolved in water bath using the itch and stench coming from the body is off.

3. cehre face wash to get rid of wrinkles. Then alum wet with cold water, scrub lightly around the face. Now, let it dry and then wipe it up out of the hands. After a few months of use, your face will become bright and young.

4. dma and so cough, mix with half a gram of honey alum grind lick, you will benefit immediately.

5. urin infection even if it is very beneficial to use alum. Daily alum private parts with water to clean away the risk of infection is. In addition to removing water-soluble impurities are also used alum.

Tuesday, April 12, 2016

April 12, 2016

Aero modellers in the city

Mumbai's flights of passion



Here's why an increasing number of aeromodellers in the city are giving vent to their fantasy
Who says a childhood dream can't come to life when you're older? Just ask a group of folks who gather at the Race Course each weekend, who are testimony to that. For come Saturday and Sunday mornings, you'll find people of all ages chasing the early blue skies with their pet hobby -flying! Tiny model aircraft, we mean. This is aeromodelling -a hobby about building and flying model aircrafts, that's catching on in the city, of late... WHEN PASSION MEETS A CHALLENGE
The idea is to get the craft into the air and control it as you try manoeuvres and formations, and have a blast with other fellow flyers.
Says Darius Engineer, of Dhobitalao, who has been chasing his hobby since childhood, “Flying is not a cakewalk; but it's easy to learn the basics fast. The range of a remote-controlled aircraft is 1.6 km (by the line of sight), but when it's that high you may not see the craft, so 300 feet is ideal.“ Any chance of mid-air collisions? “Yes, that's a possibility, so there are usually not more than four or five models in the air at a time. Each flight lasts 7-10 minutes, after which one gets mentally fatigued. Then you simply take a break and start again,“ he says.
Another flyer Jim Desai, who comes here all the way from Borivali, says aeromodelling has more takers now than ever before. “Flying is one of the most innate desires; everyone wants to try it. While most people can't fly a real plane, the feeling of operating a model one via remote control is equal ly thrilling and, in fact, more difficult. In the former, you can gauge a situation from the cockpit and decide what to do, but when aeromodelling from the ground level, you have to estimate what might happen,“ he says.
WHEN FUN TAKES OFF
The enthusiastic flyers gather here by 10 am, planes in tow. And in about half an hour, the buzz starts. They tote along the fancy models to a clearer area, remote controls in hand, and quite soon you hear shouts like “taking off ' and “ready on field“ from everywhere. Says Rakesh Verma, founder of an Indian aeromodellers club, “The flying doesn't happen too early as it's a Sunday so by the time everyone comes by, its 10 am. It's also safe as there are supervisors and each aeromodeller follows a certain discipline.“ And the planes -models that are replicas of existing or imaginary aircraft -can be seen in a mind-boggling variety! Newbies have smaller ones in paper or thermocol while others have plastic, metal, balsa wood, fibreglass and polystyrene ones.
MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE
Says Umesh More, chair man of a flying club More people need to take up aeromodel ling. It's an intelli gent hobby and prepares young people to under stand aviation better. Thus, in itself, it's very educative. We have an annual air show where people from all over con verge at Aamby Valley, as well other local shows, but we need still more awareness and talks for this hobby.“
IT'S A GREAT TEACHER
Desai, a pilot trainer by weekday and aeromodeller by weekend, says he eats, drinks and breathes his hobby, says, “It's a tremendous feeling -you are engineer, builder, navigator, pilot and maintenance engineer -all rolled into one. It also teaches you a lot about physics, the principles of flight and hand-eye coordination.“
For Now Gen, that's so far been brought up on diet of TV and smartphones, it makes for a smart change.“More city kids are waking up to this new brand of gadgetry that makes them think on their feet,“ he says. “I guess also brings out the child in everyone as it's a fantasy come true.“
WHEN
Around 30-40 aeromodellers fly their craft on Saturdays and Sundays, round the year, except for the monsoon months.
MAKING AND COST INVOLVED
The plane model kits can be bought from websites and assembled. Prices range between `20 for a Chuck Glider made of thermocol paper to ones made from styrofoam and balsa wood that start at `300 to `30,000.Jet engine-fitted and other radio-controlled ones go upto `19 lakhs, depending on the model.
“ DO YOU NEED PERMISSION?

Yes, it's a must, says Engineer. “As per International Civil Aviation regulations, you cannot fly an aircraft of any kind over populated areas below a height of 2,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a radius of 1 km.
Thus, the Race Course is apt as there are no structures there.
Also, drones are not allowed.“





April 12, 2016

Queen named Ketevan



Hunting for a Georgian queen in Goa

Hunting for a Georgian queen in Goa

Ruins of Saint Augustine complex, Old Goa. 

A 17th century royal martyr, Portuguese friars, a ruined Augustine church and a search that stretched on for over 25 years

Once upon a time, in a land far away, lived a queen named Ketevan. And centuries later, two governments, priests, archaeologists, historians and genomics researchers would work together to try and find a part of her body lost in the ruins of a Goan church.

The time, to be precise, was the early 17th century. The land, Kakheti in eastern Georgia, a hilly region known for its wine. Ketevan’s husband had died after ruling briefly, and her son Teimuraz was king, but as a vassal of the Persian Shah Abbas I.

Teimuraz was proving a less-than-ideal ruler of a dependent kingdom. He had flirted with the Ottomans and Russians, both rivals to the Persians. Abbas was threatening to invade Kakheti. In 1614, Ketevan offered herself as a hostage to Abbas in a failed attempt to prevent carnage.

She was held in Shiraz until 1624, when Abbas offered Ketevan, a grandmother in her 60s and a devout follower of the Georgian orthodox church, the option of converting to Islam and joining his harem. She refused and was killed—strangled, after her flesh had been picked apart by red hot tongs.

In Shiraz at the time were two Portuguese friars of the order of St Augustine from whom Ketevan had taken some comfort. Since she was seen as having died for her religion, she was a martyr.

The Augustinians hoped that with a little finessing about how close she had been to becoming a Catholic, Rome might make her a saint. This would be strategically convenient for spreading the faith in Eurasian lands, which had well-established churches of their own.

For saints to be venerated, you ideally needed relics. So, the friars exhumed Ketevan’s body. In 1628, they took some of her remains to her grateful son, who had them interred at Alaverdi cathedral—and allowed the friars to open a mission in Georgia.

Ketevan did end up a saint, but of the Georgian church. Her remains were being moved from Alaverdi to a safer location amid raids on the region when the horse carrying the remains lost its footing and fell into the river Aragvi. The relics were washed away. Fragments of her body were thought to be in other places, but this much was known from contemporary accounts: her right arm had been taken to Goa in 1627 by Portuguese friars to be interred in the St Augustine complex.

The Augustinians left the complex in 1835, after which it collapsed in stages (to become what may be familiar to Hindi film viewers as the 1965 thriller Gumnaam’s eerie overgrown-by-forest structure through which the cast bemusedly wanders as the song Gumnaam Hai Koi plays). There was no record of what happened to Ketevan’s relic when the complex was abandoned.

Today, the St Augustine complex is a spectacular ruin. A towering shard from what used to be a five-storey facade pierces the sky. Around it lies an expanse of laterite blocks, basalt slabs, masses of bricks, once-indoor tombstones bearing coats of arms.

Photo: Srinath Perur
Photo: Srinath Perur

It’s palpable—the grandeur of what must have been, and indeed the futility of grandeur itself. But to walk around the complex with Sidh Mendiratta—a researcher whose area of interest is at the junction of history, heritage and architecture—is to have it all come alive again.

He points out patches of faded red oxide work, sections of walls where the original azulejos tile-work has been restored. From weathered stone, he extrapolates to lives once lived here, to chambers in the convent where the monks ate, prayed and rested.

In the early 2000s, Mendiratta was a Portuguese exchange student studying architecture in Goa, when he visited the ruins. “It was love at first sight with the site,” he says with a laugh. (An enduring love too, for though he’s now a postdoctoral researcher at Coimbra University, Portugal, he returns when he can.)

Mendiratta ended up making the ruins part of his studies—his final project was to build a computer model of the complex in its prime. That brought him in touch with the Goa circle of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

Beginning in the late 1980s, the Soviet Union and then independent Georgia began efforts to locate the Goan relic of Ketevan. This seems to have been prompted by the publication of a book in 1985 by Armenian historian Roberto Gulbenkian that for the first time brought together fragmentary accounts to present the story of Queen Ketevan.

Over the next 25 years, multiple Georgian delegations descended on Goa; the foreign minister of Georgia visited his counterpart Jaswant Singh and requested assistance in finding the relic; Georgian archaeologists conducted an unsuccessful excavation in the church complex; ASI teams looked for the bone without luck.

In 2003, Nizamuddin Taher of the ASI took over as head of the Goa circle. “It was my first independent charge,” he recalls. “I was not looking at any fresh excavations.”

His priority was to resolve certain administrative issues. For the St Augustine complex, his plans were limited to clearing some of the piled-up debris so that visitors could move about the complex. But the previous searches for the relic had got the locals excited.

“There was a romantic hype,” Taher says. “The story of Queen Ketevan was prevalent in Old Goa.” Taher’s colleagues were keen to work on the site, and then Mendiratta came along, asking to study the ground plan of the church. They started removing debris to make a transverse path in January 2004.

Where the relic of Queen Ketevan was concerned, previous teams were working from a single clue (probably obtained from a huge 1958 collation by Silva Rego of historical documents relating to Portuguese missions in the East). It stated that a black box containing the bones of Ketevan was installed on the second window on the epistle side of a chapel. The Georgian team, sure that it had to be the main chapel, had taken apart the area with such enthusiasm that it needed to be reconstructed with cement. They found nothing.

Taher and his team were not really looking for the queen’s relic as they continued clearing debris in 2004. Then, they found a basalt tombstone at the floor level under two metres of rubble. It had the name Manuel de Siqueira engraved on it. Mendiratta was intrigued. There was something familiar about the name, but he could not quite place it. He went to the library. “Sidh did not sleep that night,” Taher recalls.

It finally came to him. Mendiratta says, “The tombstone with the coat of arms is mentioned in an old chronicle as being in a place called the Chapter chapel.” It was in the 12th volume of Rego’s collation and it mentioned all the tombs in the St Augustinian complex. It said the Chapter chapel with the tomb of Manuel de Siqueira also held the black box with the Ketevan relic.

“I am very dispassionate,” Taher says. “As an archaeologist, bahut kahani sunte rehte hai... (we keep hearing stories...), but when this clue came in—we all had gooseflesh.”

It took work to identify the second window of the chapel on the epistle side. But when they looked under it—nothing. There was no trace of the sarcophagus. Mendiratta says, “We were both excited and disappointed. We were sure that we were in the right place, but the box was not there.”

They resumed work in 2005. Taher explains that excavation sites are covered in between seasons of work. When excavation resumes, “you remove the cover and you do brushing”. They had started on the brushing, when, “First thing—we get a bone.” It was just lying there, in two pieces. Taher’s colleagues were excited, but he was wary.

“It was out of context,” he explains. It was found a couple of metres away from the second window, and there was no trace of the box. To add to the uncertainty, they found two more bone fragments. And the lid of the sarcophagus, fallen on the other side of the window, but no trace of the box itself.

A Georgian delegation arrived in 2006, headed by father Giorgi Razmadze of Tbilisi’s St Ketevan church. They requested the relics be handed over to them. Taher asks, “How could we give them the bone unless we were sure it belonged to the queen?”

He felt genetic analysis may establish the provenance of the bones. Several laboratories in the US and Europe had been successful in obtaining DNA from old, unpreserved samples. But, Taher says, “It is difficult to send an archaeological antiquity to another country.” So, the analysis would have to be done in India. The trouble was—no ancient DNA studies had ever come out of India.

Taher got in touch with K. Thangaraj at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad. Thangaraj had just started the first ancient DNA facility in India. He agreed to try and extract DNA from Taher’s samples.

We are made of cells; almost all cells contain DNA; a person’s DNA can be unique in the manner of a fingerprint. Hence, the use of DNA in placing people at a crime scene or establishing parentage. But how was DNA to prove useful with the old bones found at the St Augustine complex?

For starters, even obtaining DNA from the bones could not be taken for granted. Ancient DNA—that is, DNA from old, unpreserved specimens—is notoriously hard to work with. Thangaraj says, “There is no single protocol that works with all samples. We have to keep modifying the procedure for different samples.”

And then, even if the bones yielded DNA, what could it be compared with? There was a small relic claimed to be from Ketevan at the church in Tbilisi, but the history around it was murky enough that its own provenance could not be taken for granted.

Thangaraj and his colleagues decided to go at the problem by trying to extract from the bone samples a kind of DNA known as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). There are more copies of mtDNA in a cell as compared to the other sort, so it’s easier to work with when genetic material is not forthcoming.

The other thing about mtDNA is that it is usually passed down unchanged from mother to child. But on the rare occasion it will undergo a random change, and this will mark all the woman’s descendants from then on. The tag marking a new branch of descendants is called a haplogroup. Identifying haplogroups in a person’s mtDNA can help geneticists place her geographically, which is what the researchers hoped would happen with the bone samples they had.

“An archaeologist should never part with his samples,” says Taher. So, he went to Hyderabad in November 2006, carrying with him the bones wrapped in cotton. A CCMB team took samples and worked on them for almost three years but could not successfully amplify DNA from the bones.

Niraj Rai is a researcher at CCMB who worked on the bone samples from 2010 onwards. “The best source for ancient DNA,” says Rai, “is the tooth.” Then, in order, the bone of the inner ear, ribs, finger-bones, the skull and finally, the long bones. “Unfortunately, what I got was a long bone.” And even then, keeping the significance of the relic in mind, he had to work using only a tiny amount of bone powder.

Because it is so hard to obtain DNA from old specimens, and so easy to contaminate them with genetic material from people working in the lab, ancient DNA labs tend to be fortresses of a peculiar sort.

Take the ancient DNA facility at CCMB. It is in a building that houses lab animals to keep it away from other labs with human DNA. The building itself has a retractable staircase—Rai has to press a button so the flight of steps reaches the building. (This is apparently to keep snakes from snacking on lab animals.)

Then, footwear must be changed at two points before getting to the lab and protective clothing worn. The air-circulating system is such that filtered air flows outwards from the lab and then the chamber beyond. Outside is a list of almost comically stern instructions, including one that says all pens and calculators that enter the lab must have been irradiated in UV light for at least two days.

For their second attempt, the CCMB team had refined their technique and had access to better equipment. This time, they were successful in sequencing mtDNA from the bone samples. The first bone that had been recovered from the St Augustine complex had a haplogroup—U1b—they had never seen in contemporary Indian DNA samples. They wanted to compare the sequence with mtDNA from modern Georgians.

The St Ketevan Church in Tbilisi swung into action and shipped over saliva samples from 30 east Georgians. (Perhaps never before has a religious establishment been such a willing partner in a scientific investigation.) Some of them had the U1b haplogroup, showing it was prevalent in the region.

The other two bone samples had haplogroups typical of western India and likely came from locals. Additional tests confirmed that the U1b bone came from a woman. So, in 2013, it was established that the bone found in two pieces in 2005 was consistent with being from a Georgian woman.

It was the first time an ancient DNA result was being reported from India. When Rai, Taher, Thangaraj and their colleagues tried to publish their findings in a scientific journal, they were asked to verify their work by repeating it in a different lab.

Thangaraj points out that this is a fairly standard precaution with ancient DNA results. “Unfortunately, there is no other lab in India,” he says. The researchers argued that contamination was unlikely because the U1b haplogroup they were reporting had not been seen in India in the more than 20,000 samples they had in their database.

The journal did not relent and the paper, titled Relic excavated in western India is probably of Georgian Queen Ketevan, was published in another journal—Mitochondrion—which agreed with their reasoning.

As the “probably” in the paper’s title suggests, it still cannot definitively be said that the bone belonged to Queen Ketevan, but as Taher puts it, the combined weight of “history, literary documents, archaeological excavations and genetic analysis” point to it being so. “Our work is over,” he says.

But what is definitive, anyway? At the Archaeological Museum at old Goa is the image of a haloed, determined-looking woman wearing a small crown. And in front of her is a glass box with two brown tubules. A placard says they are the relics of Queen St Ketevan of Georgia.

I’m thrilled to think of the human drama they have been connected with. I ask the museum in-charge if they are original. He says, “If we keep the original there, I will have to hold a lathi and stand next to it day and night.”

He enjoys a laugh at my naivete, then continues. “If anything happens to the bone, first the excavators will get a heart attack. Then, I will get a heart attack.”

Asked where the relic is now, Taher says, “It’s somewhere in India. We do not disclose the location.”

Relics are believed to possess an aura. Even independent of the religious dimension, Ketevan’s certainly does. Perhaps it comes from the combined light of being many things to many people.

It is an object of veneration to the Georgians, something that is no doubt redoubled by their having expended resources and emotion in its pursuit. To the archaeologists, it is the significant discovery that can come along only a few times in a career that involves such painstaking, meticulous work. To the Indian scientists, the relic is associated with their first result from a technique that is expected to make major contributions to what we know of our past.

And it must mean something to the organizers of the Ketevan Music Festival that began this year—with some of the concerts held in the St Augustine ruins.

In 2010 a filmmaker and artist named Gayatri Kodikal went to the St Augustine complex to shoot the ruins. The ASI was at work and the site was closed. She got talking with some of the archaeologists and heard about Queen Ketevan and the relic. “I was hooked on the story,” she says.

Since then, her obsession with the tale has taken her to Georgia and Portugal to visit archives and see places, people and artefacts related to the story. Currently, it is the inspiration for a board game she is creating. It’s called The Travelling Hand.

The queen’s post-mortem travels may not be finished yet. Talks are on between the governments of India and Georgia, and who knows, it may not be long before Queen Ketevan’s travelling hand finally reaches home, 400 years after she left for Shiraz.

Srinath Perur is the author of the travelogue If It’s Monday It Must Be Madurai and the translator of Ghachar Ghochar.

Thursday, April 7, 2016

April 07, 2016

इस तरह शरीर को छोड़ बाहर निकलती है आत्मा


 
मृत्यु के बाद जन्म और जन्म के बाद मृत्यु, यह दुनिया का एक अटल सत्य है। वे लोग जो पुनर्जन्म की बात पर विश्वास नहीं करते उनके लिए यह बात पचानी काफी मुश्किल है कि वाकई आत्मा अमर है और शरीर छोड़ने के पश्चात वह नया शरीर धारण करती है।

किस्से-कहानियों में हमने आत्मा के अलग ही रंग-रूप को देखा है लेकिन वाकई आत्मा शरीर को छोड़कर बाहर निकलती है यह बात कुछ समय पहले तक एक रहस्य थी। लेकिन अब इस रहस्य से भी पर्दा उठा दिया गया है।
आत्मा का आकार क्या होता है, उसका स्वरूप क्या होता है, क्या वो इंसान के चेहरे की तरह ही दिखती है या उसकी आकृति अलग होती है? यह कुछ ऐसे सवाल हैं जो अकसर एक जागरुक मस्तिष्क में उठते रहते हैं।   
रूस के प्रख्यात वैज्ञानिक कोंस्तांतिन कोरोत्को ने अपने एक नए प्रयोग के द्वारा यही बात साबित करने की कोशिश की कि आखिर आत्मा का वास्तविक स्वरूप क्या है और आत्मा शरीर को किस तरह छोड़ती है।
कोंस्तांतिन कोरोत्को ने बायोइलेक्ट्रोग्राफिक कैमरे की सहायता से जीवन की अंतिम सांसें गिन रहे व्यक्ति की गतिविधि को कैप्चर करने का निर्णय किया।

किरकियन फोटोग्राफी के सहारे कोंस्तांतिन कोरोत्को ने देखा कि जब व्यक्ति मरने वाला होता है तो सबसे पहले उसके मस्तिष्क और नाभि की ऊर्जा समाप्त होती है। जबकि जांघ और हृदय सबसे अंत में अपनी ऊर्जा खोते हैं।

इसके अलावा वे लोग जिनकी मौत अचानक या फिर हिंसात्मक तरीके से होती है उनकी आत्मा जब शरीर छोड़ती है तो वो थोड़ा अलग होता है।

कोंस्तांतिन कोरोत्को के अनुसार वे लोग जिनकी मृत्यु अचानक होती है या लंबी बीमारी के बाद जिनकी आत्मा शरीर छोड़ती है उस समय तक उनके शरीर की ऊर्जा का क्षय बहुत कम हुआ होता है। इसलिए उनकी आत्मा दुविधा में रहते हुए शरीर छोड़ती है, उनके शरीर के किस हिस्से की मृत्यु पहले होगी यह बात निश्चित नहीं रहती।
सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग स्थित रिसर्च इंस्टिट्यूट ऑफ फिजिकल कल्चर के निर्देशक कोंस्तांतिन कोरोत्को द्वारा विकसित की गई ये तकनीक रूस के स्वास्थ्य मंत्रालय द्वारा समर्थित है और करीब 300 डॉक्टर इस तकनीक के सहारे कैंसर से पीड़ित लोगों के हालातों पर नजर रखे हुए हैं।
April 07, 2016

पौधों का गुप्त जीवन


पीटर टौम्प्किनऔर क्रिस्टोफर बर्ड
मानव जीवन की सच्ची मैट्रिक्स (आव्यूह) माँ पृथ्वी पर फैली हरियाली की चादर है, लिखते हैं पीटर टौम्प्किनऔर क्रिस्टोफर बर्ड।
कुल मिलाकर,25 लाख वर्ग मील क्षेत्रफल पत्ती की सतहेंप्रतिदिन, इंसानों और जानवरों के लिए ऑक्सीजन और खाद्य उत्पादन करने हेतु प्रकाश संश्लेषण की चमत्कारिक प्रक्रिया में लगी हुईहैं।प्रमाण अब कवियों और दार्शनिकों की उस दृष्टि का समर्थन करता है किपौधेभी जीवित, साँस लेते हुए, और संवाद करते हुए जीव हैं जो व्यक्तित्व और आत्मा की विशेषताओं के साथ संपन्न हैं।
पौधे आप को प्रत्युत्तर दे सकते हैं 
मार्सेल वोजल आईबीएम द्वारा आईबीएमके इंजीनियरों और वैज्ञानिकों के लिए रचनात्मकता में एक पाठ्यक्रम देने के लिए सम्बद्ध किए गए।प्रयोगों ने बताया कि पौधों ने मानसिक ऊर्जा का प्रत्युत्तर दिया था।यदि उन्होंने ध्यान दिया, एक पौधे ने ठीक वैसी ही प्रतिक्रिया दी जैसी कोई इंसानी दोस्त या प्रेमी देता है।
पियरे पॉल सौविन एक ऐसी प्रणाली को तैयार करने में सक्षम थे जिसके चलते एक बर्फीली रात को घर लौट रहा एक आदमी अपने गैराज के दरवाज़े खोलने के लिए अपने पालतू फिलोडेनड्रोनकोसंकेत दे सका।
एल जॉर्ज लॉरेंस बाहरी अंतरिक्ष से अजीब से संकेतों को प्राप्त करने के लिए जीवित ऊतक का उपयोग करने में सक्षम थे, जो मित्र-मंडली के बीच प्रसारण सा होता प्रतीत होता है।यदि वैश्विक स्तर पर सत्यापन परीक्षण आयोजित किए जाते हैं, तो जैविक प्रसारण सुनना संभव है।
सोवियत वैज्ञानिकों ने पाया है कि पौधे अपनी भावनाएँहम तक पहुँचा सकते हैं। दर्द से उपजती रुलाई एक अत्यंत संवेदनशील इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण के माध्यम से सुनी जा सकतीहै।करमेनोव उम्मीद करते हैं कि पौधे अपने पर्यावरण को स्व-संचालित करने और अपने स्वयं के विकास के लिए इष्टतम स्थितियाँ स्थापित करने में सक्षम हो जाएँगे।एक पौधा भेद कर सकता है कि दुश्मन कौन है और दोस्त कौन। एक पौधा जिसे पानी दिया गया हो, वह उसे अपने किसी वंचित पड़ोसी के साथ साझा कर सकता है। दूरगामी संभावना है किधूप को बिजली में बदलने के लिए क्लोरोफिल का इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है।
जे. सी. बोस द्वारा की गयी खोज
बोस ने पाया कि धातुओं, पौधों और जानवरों की प्रतिक्रियाओं के बीच शायद ही कोई अंतर था।घटित होती चीज़ों का अकार्बनिक, वनस्पति और संवेदनशील में विभाजन उनके द्वारा कृत्रिम पाया गया था।
गेटे (गोएथे) ने पाया किपौधों के रूपपूर्व निर्धारित नहीं होते, लेकिन खुशी-खुशी गतिशील और लचीले होते  हैं, जिससे वे दुनिया भर में अनेकों परिस्थितियों के अनुकूल हो जाने में उन्हें सक्षम बनाता है। उन्होंने ओछेपन के एक सिद्धांत का सुझाव जिसके अनुसार सेब अपने पेड़ की शाख तक पहुंचा, ठीक वैसे जैसे गुरुत्वदलील देता है कि क्यों सेब टूट के ज़मीन पर आ गिरता है।उसने पृथ्वी और उसके जलमंडल (हाइड्रोस्फीअर) की तुलना एक महान जीवित प्राणी से की, जो लगातार सांस लेता, सांस छोड़ता है।
लूथर बरबैंक ने पाया कि पौधों को जैसा आप चाहें वैसा विकसित होने के लिए राज़ी किया जा सकता है। वास्तव में, वे शायद ही कभी स्थिर या परस्पर अदल-बदल होने योग्य थे। वे आपके चुने हुए अधिक सुंदर रंगों और रूपों में ढाले जा सकते हैं। बरबैंक अक्सर पौधों से बात करते थे औरविशुद्ध रूप से सुरक्षा और प्यार के अपने आश्वासनों के माध्यम से कैक्टसों को अपनी कांटेरहित किस्में विकसित करने के लिए फुसलाने में सक्षम थे।
कार्वर पौधों से महज़ बातचीत कर के उनका इलाज करते हुए, उन्हें स्वस्थ कर सकते थे। उन्होंने सैकड़ों उत्पादबनाए और आविष्कारित किए, लेकिन कभी अपने आविष्कारों से पैसा नहीं कमाया।जब वे एक फूल को छूते थे, उनका कहना था वे अनंत को छू लेते थे।उनका दावा था कि, सारे राज़ बाइबल में हैं, पर तभी जब लोग उस पर विश्वास कर सकें।
 
पौधे संगीत से प्यार करते हैं 
पौधों और जानवरों पर संगीत के प्रभाव का महिमा-मंडान कृष्ण और तानसेन की कहानियों में बड़े ज़ोर-शोर से किया जाता है। प्रोफेसर टीसी सिंह ने अन्नामलाई विश्वविद्यालय में यह सिद्ध करने के लिए प्रयोग किए कि हार्मोनिक ध्वनि तरंगें पौधों के विकास, फूल खिलने, फल लगने और बीज की पैदावार को प्रभावित करती हैं।पश्चिमी और भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत का प्रत्युत्तर बहुत सकारात्मक था।
पदार्थ से पहले मन 
वैज्ञानिकगण डी ला वार्र और उनकी पत्नी ने एक ब्लैक बॉक्स तैयार किया जो कुछ दूर से पौधों के विकास को प्रभावित करने के लिए एक तस्वीर का इस्तेमाल करता था।उन्होंने अद्भुत परिणाम पाए।इसके अलावा,आगे के परीक्षण यह दर्शाते हुए दिखे कि पौधे मशीनों से निकलने वाले विकिरणों को नहीं बल्कि अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से प्रयोगों में शामिल मनुष्यों को प्रत्युत्तर दे रहे थे।
प्रभावतब भी पर्याप्त था जब कोई अविकिरण नहीं किया गया था, लेकिन प्रयोग टीम को विश्वास दिलाया गया था का मामला कुछ वैसा ही है।रेवरेंड फ्रेंकलिन लोएह्र ने पौधों के विकास पर प्रार्थनाओं के प्रभाव की स्थापना की।

Rare Vintage Ganesha Painting: The Story of Shiva, Parvati & Baby Ganesha

Lord Ganesha Creation Story - Rare Classical Indian Painting | Shiva Parvati Ganesha Meta Description: Discover the divine moment of Lord G...