TYPE 1 DIABETES
Formerly called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, this is usually first diagnosed in children, teenagers, and young adults. With this form of diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body’s immune system has attacked and destroyed them.
Treatment: Insulin injections.
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Formerly called adult-onset diabetes or noninsulin-dependent diabetes, this is the most common form of diabetes. You can develop Type 2 diabetes at any age. This form of diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly.
Treatment: Oral medicines and lifestyle
changes.
PRE-DIABETES OR BORDERLINE DIABETES
This occurs before a Type 2 diagnosis. Blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough for full-blown diabetes.
If you are tested for Impaired Fasting Glucose (that is, to discover how high your fasting blood glucose level is), your fasting plasma glucose will be between 100 to 125 mg/dl (less than 100 mg/dl is normal and greater than 126 mg/dl is diabetes). If you consume 75 grams of glucose and take the test again after two hours, your blood glucose will be more than 140 mg/dl and less than 200 mg/dl.
Treatment: Concrete lifestyle changes such as good nutrition and exercise.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
This develops usually during the late stages of pregnancy. Although this form of diabetes usually goes away after the baby is born, a woman who has had it is more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes later. Dr Abhay Ahluwalia, consultant endocrinology,
Columbia Asia Hospital, Gurgaon
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